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2.C.2.2 | Developing aquaculture and sustainable tourism (development of sustainable tourism) |
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| Sub-issues | Stakeholders | Uncertainties | Proposed actions and costs | Products and milestones |
| Difficulty of Access General accessibility problems (international airports) Difficult and cumbersome entry procedures (and documents) |
Ministries of Tourism and Transportation | Transport issues must be addressed by other sectors | Identify and provide for implementation of regional/national actions for joint removal /easing of visa and customs barriers (study and regional meeting on frontier formalities, 1997) Cost estimate: $100,000 | Access and paper procedures facilitated by year 1998 Air transport coordinated in the region. Airport facilities and services enhanced |
| Economic and
political difficulties Poor conditions of infrastructure Poor investment climate Unplanned private development Privatization process: slow and incomplete Decline in conditions of buildings/facilities Security problems in some countries result in poor image of the whole Black Sea Inadequate banking system for needs of foreign tourists |
Several Sectoral Ministries and Tourism offices | A number of issues are the result of national economic polices and few can be addressed by the BSAP | Integrate tourism needs and requirements into development of national
LUPs and ICZM strategies (see 2.C.1 |
Tourism issues integrated within ICZM strategies; zoning plans and building guidelines in place by year 2000 |
| Proceed with pre-feasibility studies of selected facilities and encourage privatization and restructuring (possibly Investors’ Forum). Cost estimate: $400,000 | Process of restructuring, privatization and foreign investment facilitated in the area of tourism | |||
| Environmental
degradation Environmental degradation of beaches, of protected areas and
over concentration in limited number of areas (see also Problem with quality and supply of drinking water; inadequate sewage and treatment
systems (see |
Ministries of Tourism, Env., and Health Local authorities, private sector |
Facilitate the implementation of national enabling instruments: - environmental indicators; - environmental audit of tourism facilities; - drafting of codes of conduct & practice and dissemination of results of above to public and operators. Cost estimate: $150,000 per year |
Operators, visitors and communities sensitized to the impacts of tourism on the environment. A Green Initiative set up in the Black Sea countries rewarding environmentally sensitive tourism facilities/resorts by year 2000 | |
| Upgrade drinking water quality; monitoring programme of beach water quality set up in key areas of the BS and dissemination of results to the public. Cost estimate: $100,000 per year | Upgraded water supply and drinking water systems | |||
| Inefficient
Management Lack of training (employee skills, tourism management, sustainable practices, etc.) Low level of service Lack of Statistics, including parameters of environmental significance |
Min. of Tourism, Statistics bureaus, operators | Deficient and incompatible data on tourists arrivals in BS coasts | Specialized training workshops (employee training, resort management, sustainability and environmental indicators, etc.) | General skills of tourism employees and officials upgraded |
| Twinning arrangements with western tourism resorts for exchange of experience and practice. Cost estimate: $250,000 | Established linkages between western and Black Sea municipalities | |||
| Poor Marketing No or little marketing (regional & national) Conventional and non-inovative product: Sea, sun & beach account for 60 to 65% of tourism Poor linkage to overseas travel agents |
Tourism operators, private sector, Min. of Tourism | Stimulation of ecotourism products (implementation of demonstration ecotourism projects in each country catering to the cruise market). Cost estimate: $400,000 | Diversification of tourism product (ecotourism) Recovery of historic demand markets (upgrading of facilities, marketing) |
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| Legal and
Institutional deficiencies Lack of intraregional cooperation Lack of tourism objectives Unclear and uneasy property laws; lack of legal incentives (tax concessions, free transfer of capital, etc.) and legal instruments Basic right of the public to access the beach |
Min. of Tourism, tourism operators | A strategic regional study of tourism prospects and requirements in the Black Sea area (1997). Cost estimate: $50,000 | Development of a Regional Tourism Strategic Approach. | |
| A joint declaration Ministers of Tourism and Environment legitimizing the efforts for sustainable tourism development (regional Conference). Cost estimate: $50,000 | Adoption of national tourism laws/strategies (when these do not exist) which clearly establish the duties and responsibilities of different bodies | |||
| Review existing national legislation, in particular re. tourism development and EIA for new projects (zoning, building standards, etc.) and submit proposals. Cost estimate: $100,000 | Property laws and legal instruments as incentive to sustainable tourism development designed and/or improved in all Black Sea countries | |||
| Establishment of an industry Association of tourism operators (for joint marketing efforts and cooperation) | An active tourism operators association working towards promotion of the Black Sea as a whole and institution building of the industry |
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2.C.1 | Improving planning in coastal areas, including urban and industrial zones |
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2.C.2.1 | Developing aquaculture and sustainable tourism (aquaculture) |
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3.C | Sustainable Human Development |